EXOone Bovine Torovirus

Description

Torovirus is a genus in the family Coronaviridae, subfamily Torovirinae. They primarily infect vertebrates, especially human, cattle, pig, and horse. There are currently four species in this genus including Bovine torovirus (BoTV).
This pathogen is a pleomorphic virus with a spike-bearing envelope and a linear, non-segmented, positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. In cattle, the disease causes diarrhoea and systemic signs such as pyrexia, lethargy and anorexia. In calves, it may cause neurological signs and lead to death. Diagnosis of the viral infection involves electron microscopy, ELISA or haemagglutination inhibition. The use of real-time PCR techniques has offered an increase in the sensitivity and specificity for the identification of this pathogen.